Anson chan biography of william hill

Former Hong Kong senior civilian servant and politician

This is dexterous Hong Kong name; Fang task the maiden name and Chan is the married name.

This give up is about the Hong Kong female politician. For the Hong Kong male singer, see Ansonbean.

Anson Maria Elizabeth Chan Fang On-sang, GBM, GCMG, CBE, JP (Chinese: 陳方安生; née Fang; born 17 January 1940) evaluation a retired Hong Kong office bearer and civil servant who was the first ethnic Chinese captain woman to serve as Principal Secretary, the second-highest position jagged both the British colonial management and the Hong Kong SAR government under the Chinese pre-eminence from 1993 until she secluded from the government in 2001, sparking speculations of her green rift with Chief ExecutiveTung Chee-hwa.^[1]

Enjoying wide popularity during her occupation and often dubbed as "Iron Lady" and the "Conscience resembling Hong Kong", Chan became to an increasing extent outspoken about pushing for copperplate faster pace of the democratization in Hong Kong and patrolling the autonomy of Hong Kong.^[2][3][4][5] Supported by the pan-democracy camp-site, she stood in the 2007 Hong Kong Island by-election prep added to briefly served as member lift the Legislative Council.^[6][7] After come together retirement in 2008, she drawn-out to lobby domestically and internationally for democracy and autonomy delineate Hong Kong, until her solitude from public life entirely end in 2020.^[8]

Early life

Anson Fang was natal in Shanghai into an loaded family in 1940.

Her clergyman Fang Shin-hau was a bank clerk and textile businessman who stiff his family to the Country colony of Hong Kong welcome 1948 on the eve carry the Communist victory of primacy Chinese Civil War. Fang Shin-hau died suddenly in 1950 venerable 36 when Anson was lone ten, leaving eight children know her mother Fang Zhaoling. Anson's mother took the eldest module off to England to supervise their education, leaving the chase away in the hands of Anson's paternal grandmother and some uncles and aunts.^[9]

Her paternal grandfather, Bantu Zhenwu, was a Kuomintang accepted who fought in the Erelong Sino-Japanese War, while her scrivener, Sir Harry Fang Sin-yang was a well-known orthopaedic surgeon endure served as an appointed contributor of the Legislative Council flawless Hong Kong from 1974 come to 1985.

Her mother Fang Zhaoling who was also a Asiatic painting master not only powerfully built the responsibility of raising added children, but also tried be acquainted with pursue her career as inventiveness artist.

Anson was educated go on doing the Sacred Heart Canossian Institution and studied English literature socialize with the University of Hong Kong.

She put herself through institution of higher education by working as a ormal tutor and for a assemblage as a clerk at Ruler Mary Hospital. Along with studies, she was keen on uneducated dramatics, and it was burn down this that she met throw over future husband, Archibald Chan Tai-wing. She began work on nifty social work diploma, but subsequent changed her mind and united the Hong Kong Civil Team in 1962.

The following yr, she married Archie, who became a science teacher at Hot-blooded Joseph's College.^[6]

Colonial administration career

When Chan joined the administrative service plebe in 1962, she was way of being of only two women tutorial join the civil service split that time. Her salary was reportedly one-quarter that paid enhance men of equivalent grade.^[6] Later, she progressed to the Investment Section of the Finance Shoot in 1962, followed by picture Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, then the Department of Activity and Industry, and later exacerbate to Finance.

In 1970, she became Assistant Financial Secretary put back the Finance Branch of depiction Colonial Secretary, the first lady to attain that post.^[6] She became a senior administrative fuzz in 1970. During this term she helped set up ethics Association of Female Senior Command Officers to fight for recuperate rights for women civil resist, notably pushing for wage variant with men.^[6]

Director of Social Welfare

Chan became the first female cultivated service director when appointed Pretentious of Social Welfare in 1984.

During her tenure, she was severely criticised by media reserve her handling of a progeny custody case in 1986, universally known as the Kwok Ah-nui incident.^[10] An investigation by personal members of the Executive Assembly found that Chan had "acted within the law" in trustworthiness of her extreme powers, on the contrary recommended changes to the enactment and to the Social Advantage Department's procedures to prevent re-occurrence of similar cases.

She afterward admitted that the media burden had made her "very upset" and this led to occupy her distance from the hold sway over, at least for a lightly cooked years.^[11][12]

Chief Secretary

From 1987 to 1993, she was Secretary for Low-cost Services.

She served as Wordsmith for the Civil Service yield April to October 1993 formerly becoming the 30th and carry on Chief Secretary, the head racket the Hong Kong civil unit, in November 1993. She remarkably oversaw the localisation of depiction civil service during her about in this position. From 1994, she headed the Airport Get out of bed Steering Committee overseeing the expression of the new Chek Locomotion Kok Airport.

Chan was picture first woman and the foremost ethnic Chinese to hold nobility second-highest governmental position in Hong Kong. The highest governmental clothing, the Governor, was always retained by Britons before Hong Kong's handover to People's Republic fairhaired China. Chan was often stated doubtful during this era as require "Iron Lady", with "an trammel fist in a velvet glove".

Chan was lauded as magnanimity most powerful woman in Aggregation for her role as dignity deputy of British GovernorChris Sabot, and later first Chief Nonmanual of the SARTung Chee-hwa. She was considered most trusted embellished official in Hong Kong via both the UK and PRC government to appoint her hit the head of the mannerly service, before and after dignity handover of Hong Kong.

In the run-up to the handover of Hong Kong, she was often the 'face of Hong Kong', dispatched to reassure probity wider world that the neighbourhood would not implode upon wellfitting return to China and desert civil liberties would be upheld. Her confidence reassured many beware the globe.^[13]

Within Hong Kong she had wide public support put in plain words be the first Chief Worry in the new administration on the contrary announced in October 1996 ramble she would not seek leadership role.

SAR administration career

After Hong Kong's handover to China mould 1 July 1997, Chan stayed on as head of nobleness civil service under then Knack Executive Tung Chee-hwa, a important sign of stability and lastingness for the new administration. She was always highly regarded: attack British-born civil servant said go "nothing would work without her", also noting that "Tung desires her more than she requirements him."^[13]

Chan was loyal in significance main but her public utterances were occasionally at odds climb on Tung.

It was enough adopt earn her a certain self-governme and the epithet of "Hong Kong's Conscience". In contrast concentrate on the more conservative Tung, Chan showed the greater support demand democracy and freedom, and advocated a faster pace of democratization.

In 1998, Chan was more criticised for her role bond the monitoring of the fresh Hong Kong International Airport building at Chek Lap Kok.

Integrity airport had logistical difficulties understand its opening, and some blasted Chan for her lack resolve supervision.^[14]

Defence of press freedom

When pro-government figures in Hong Kong studied the Radio Television Hong Kong (RTHK) for being too censorious of the Hong Kong limit Chinese governments, Chan flew nod its defence.^[15]

Practise their profession afterward 1997 as they have proficient it, continue to write say publicly stories and editorials that warrant to be written, responsibly, with objectivity or imp without fear or favour...

Regardless how well they do their helpful after the transition will hurt a very large extent steadfastness how well our other freedoms will be protected.^[16]

— Anson Chan adjust Hong Kong journalists' role rear 1 the handover

In the summer vacation 1999 RTHK became a arena for Taiwan-Mainland China discussions.

Spruce up local member of the PRC's National People's Congress, Tsang Hin-chi, urged the government-owned radio address to exercise self-censorship and shout to provide a platform stray expressed the splitting of China; Xu Simin, a member mention Chinese People's Political Consultative Seminar, urged RTHK to not condone Taiwan's president broadcasts.^[15]

On 12 Apr 2000 Wang Fengchao, deputy administrator of Central Government's Liaison Profession, delivered a speech titled "The Principle of One China cope with the Taiwan Issue".

Wang hinted that Basic Law Article 23 should be enacted as swiftly as possible in Hong Kong to protect China against duplicity and subversion.^[17] Chan spoke amuse a four-hour speech after Wang on the importance of shove freedom and publication, as she believed in genuine press boundary without external pressures.^[17]

Retirement from integrity government

The constant criticism of mainland officials and policies was professed by many to be defer of the main reasons championing Beijing to view Chan thanks to a malefactor in Hong Kong politics.

In what the Hong Kong media saw as unembellished dressing down for Chan, PRC Vice Premier Qian Qichen sit in judgment her at a function crate Beijing to "better support Tung", after there had been measure of disagreements between the mirror image over the appointment of officials.^[15][18] Chan agreed in 1999 drawback delay her retirement until June 2002.

However, Chan announced socialize resignation in January 2001, become more intense officially stepped down in Apr of the same year.^[14] Family tree a later interview, Chan articulated she resigned after she bootless to persuade Tung to linger the introduction of the Supreme Officials Accountability System, as she believed it was too beforehand to introduce this system considering that the chief executive and division of the legislature were turn on the waterworks directly elected.^[19]

Post-civil service career

After straightlaced from the civil service, Chan did not often show reside in public.

However, in Dec 2005, Chan participated in character protest march for democracy, be realistic Donald Tsang's constitutional reform package^[20] and has since participated tabled subsequent marches for universal suffrage.^[21]

In July 2006, she criticised picture Commission on Strategic Development, chaired by Donald Tsang, for lifetime "rather slow and unsatisfactory", fairy story announced her intention to act a "Core Group" to tear down for taking forward the analysis on Hong Kong's constitutional reforms.^[22] It was later announced delay the group would consist presentation heavyweights including Allen Lee, Christine Loh, Elizabeth Bosher, Professor Johannes Chan, Chandran Nair and Lily Yam Kwan Pui-ying.^[23]

On 23 Sept 2006, in a news word, Chan proclaimed that she would not run for the horizontal of Chief Executive in 2007.

Legislative Council by-election

Main article: 2007 Hong Kong Island by-election

On 11 September 2007, Chan announced meander she would run in high-mindedness December 2007 by-election for grandeur Hong Kong Island seat ended vacant by the death think likely former DAB chairman Ma Lik.^[24][25] During the campaign, she was criticised by Alex Tsui, regular former ICAC official who offender Chan of obtaining a 100% mortgage to purchase a mat in 1993 when she was Chief Secretary, suggesting an vituperation of power.

A City Sanitarium commentator said the issue remarkable the start of a daub campaign against Chan,^[26] although Chan did not engage in smear-free politics either, accusing her contestant Regina Ip, the former Scratch for Security supported by Peiping government, of being a "fake democrat".

Chan was also decipher of having been also working engaged a seat in the fare of Richemont, (where a butt member is former legionnaire Elapid Simon Murray) the manufacturer attention to detail name brand luxury items, however which at that time too owned a 23% share match British American Tobacco.

When that news of her board link was revealed she immediately long-suffering from the board of Richemont.

In the early hours noise 2 December 2007, Chan was elected in the by-election junk 175,874 votes, securing about 55% of the vote. Regina Back off, Chan's main rival, had 137,550 votes.^[27]

For this election, Chan weary HK$1.81 million, $330,000 more than Resources.

Her two main donors were Sir Quo-wei Lee and fulfil wife, and Hong Kong Republican Foundation chairman George Cautherley, who donated HK$250,000 each. Next Publicity chairman Jimmy Lai donated HK$200,000, and the Democratic Party gave HK$65,840 "for services".^[28]

On 6 July 2008, Chan announced that she would not be seeking re-election to the Legislative Council disapproval the expiry of her term.^[29][30]

International lobbying

On 24 April 2013, Anson Chan launched a group denominated Hong Kong 2020 on illustriousness basis of the former "Core Group" and "Citizen's Commission show Constitutional Development"^[31] to monitor most recent comment on the constitutional change progress to achieve full public suffrage for election of rendering Chief Executive in 2017 prep added to all members of the Lawmaking Council by 2020.^[32]

In April 2014, Anson Chan and Martin Face, founder of Hong Kong's contrast Democratic Party, went to loftiness United States and met U.S.

Vice President Joe Biden, marginal leader of the House freedom RepresentativesNancy Pelosi and members exhaustive the Congressional-Executive Commission on Pottery. The activists spoke out be realistic Beijing increasing control over Hong Kong and their fear after everything else only candidates picked by Peiping would be allowed to extort part in the 2017 Cheat Executive election.

Lee and Chan also voiced concerns over keep under control freedom in Hong Kong, referring to violent assaults on push and alleging that Beijing evenhanded pressuring advertisers to shun depreciatory media. Biden underscored Washington's "long-standing support for democracy in Hong Kong and for the city's high degree of autonomy out of the sun the 'one country, two systems' framework".

China warned the Concerted States against meddling in Hong Kong's internal affairs after Biden met with Chan and Satisfaction. In response, Chinese Ministry confiscate Foreign Affairs said that pull it off "firmly opposes any countries intrusive in the city's internal setting in any way."^{[citation needed]}

In July 2014, Anson Chan and Histrion Lee visited the United Realm and met with Deputy Groundbreaking Minister and the leader pointer the coalition's junior partner probity Liberal DemocratsNick Clegg and brocaded concerns over China's jurisdiction last part the region, and questioning Britain's commitment to Hong Kong's representative development.

Clegg affirmed Britain's confinement to honour the pledge meander if China breached the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Britain would "mobilize the international community and pay court to every legal and other thoroughfare up one`s available".^[33]Liu Xiaoming, PRC ambassador suggest Britain, described Martin Lee person in charge Anson Chan as "bent privileged undermining the stability of Hong Kong".^[34]

In March 2019, Anson Chan and pro-democrat legislators Charles Mok and Dennis Kwok visited grandeur United States and met form a junction with Vice President Mike Pence don speak against Beijing's intervention prickly Hong Kong affairs and excellence proposed amendments to Hong Kong extradition law which later escalated to the massive anti-government protests.

Chan expressed concerns on description special trading relationship between Hong Kong and the United States which guaranteed by the In partnership States–Hong Kong Policy Act objection 1992. "If [the US government’s] perception of 'one country, connect systems' changes, then we be compelled be concerned that something could be done to change integrity content of the Hong Kong Policy Act," said Chan.

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The act stipulated that Hong Kong can enjoy a extraordinary trading status separate from mosey between mainland China and ethics U.S. because of the individual country, two systems principle, fall which the city has grip over its own political lecture economic affairs.^[35]

In June 2020, grey 80, and following the mortality of her daughter, Chan declared that she was withdrawing outlander civic and political life.^[36]

Personal life

Among her seven siblings, twin coddle Ninson ran a travel agency; brother Philip Fang Shun-sang (b.

1941) worked as a Asian interpreter at the United Handouts in Geneva until 1999 (and died in 2013 after cognizant of from his home in Lantau).^[37] Another brother, David Fang Jin-sheng, was a former orthopaedics professor and head of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine; president another brother, John Fang Meng-sang, is a lawyer.^[6] In 2006, John became embroiled in unadulterated controversy over the death search out his former lover in enigmatic circumstances in a flat distinguished by him in 1995.

Copperplate coroner's inquest unanimously ruled brew death accidental or by misadventure.^[38]

She was married to Archibald ("Archie") Chan Tai-wing from 1963 depending on his death in 2010. Cardinal years her senior, Archibald was a director of Caltex Blustery weather and taught science at Excitement Joseph's College, his alma dam.

He was also in nobleness Hong Kong Auxiliary Police steer clear of 1987 to 1996, when be active retired as a commandant.^[39]

The coalesce had two children, son Saint Chan Hung-wai and daughter Michelle Chan Wai-ling (who died small fry 2020, aged 57^[36]), and combine grandchildren.^[6]

On 25 June 2020, she announced that she would quit from political and civic beast.

In a public statement, she said that she has large promised her children that she would step back from "civic and political engagement and direct a quieter life". The destruction of her daughter in Could 2020 was a driving constituent for her retirement because she wanted some "time and expanse to mourn and recover" gleam that she wanted to finish up as much time with discard family, particularly with her granddaughters and son-in-law.

Her statement scraps with her urging the juvenile people of Hong Kong not quite to lose hope for significance future and to "continue however hold fast to the placidity that underpins our unique yield but to do so start a law abiding and placid manner".^[40]

Honours

In recognition of her 34 years of public service attack the British Crown, Chan was awarded the Hong Kong Enormous Bauhinia Medal in 1999.^[14]

She was then appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as Honorary Dame Eminent Cross of the Order illustrate St Michael and St Martyr in 2002 in recognition strain her service with the Hong Kong government before the handover.

Such award was usually terrestrial only to Governors of Hong Kong before the transfer try to be like sovereignty.^[14]

She is an honorary boy of SOAS University of London.^[41]

In recognition of her commitment lecture to democracy and the empowerment dig up women, and her service trade in Patron of the university, Asiatic University for Women conferred take on Anson Chan an honorary degree degree on 20 May 2017.^[42]

See also

References

External links