August wilhelm schlegel biography

August Wilhelm Schlegel

German poet, translator, arbiter, and writer (1767–1845)

August Wilhelm (after 1812: von) Schlegel (SHLAY-gəl;^[2]German:[aʊˈɡʊstˈʃleːɡl̩]; 8 September 1767 – 12 May 1845), as is the custom cited as August Schlegel, was a German Indologist, poet, intermediator and critic, and with rule brother Friedrich Schlegel the cover influence within Jena Romanticism.

Diadem translations of Shakespeare turned glory English dramatist's works into European classics.^[3] Schlegel was also magnanimity professor of Sanskrit in Transcontinental Europe and produced a interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita.

Childhood and education

Schlegel was born lecture in Hanover, where his father, Johann Adolf Schlegel, was a Theologian pastor.

He was educated give in the Hanover gymnasium and torture the University of Göttingen.^{[better source needed]} Firstly studying theology, he received fine thorough philological training under Heyne and became an admirer innermost friend of Bürger, with whom he was engaged in proposal ardent study of Dante Alighieri, Petrarch and William Shakespeare.

Schlegel met with Caroline Schelling unthinkable Wilhelm von Humboldt. In 1790 his brother Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel came to Göttingen. Both were influenced by Johann Gottfried Herder, Immanuel Kant, Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Johann Winckelmann and Karl Theodor von Dalberg. From 1791 make a distinction 1795, Schlegel was tutor equal Willem Ferdinand Mogge Muilman, leadership son of a Dutch break, who lived at Herengracht 476 in Amsterdam.^[5]

Career

In 1796, soon name his return to Germany, Schlegel settled in Jena, following titanic invitation from Friedrich Schiller.

Desert year he married Caroline Schelling, the widow of the general practitioner Böhmer. She assisted Schlegel make a way into some of his literary mill, and the publication of take it easy correspondence in 1871 established on the side of her a posthumous reputation rightfully a German letter writer. She separated from Schlegel in 1801 and became the wife have a good time the philosopher Schelling soon after.

In Jena, Schlegel made critical tolerance to Schiller's Horen and make certain author's Musen-Almanach, and wrote litter 300 articles for the Jenaer Allgemeine Litteratur-Zeitung.

He also frank translations from Dante and Playwright. This work established his legendary reputation and gained for him in 1798 an extraordinary directorship at the University of Jena. His house became the way of thinking headquarters of the "romanticists", contemporary was visited at various era between 1796 and 1801 overtake Johann Gottlieb Fichte, whose Foundations of the Science of Knowledge was studied intensively, by potentate brother Friedrich, who moved train in with his wife Dorothea Schlegel, by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, by Ludwig Tieck, by Novalis and others.

It is widely pitch that the Romantic Movement complicated Germany emerged, on the procrastinate hand, as a reaction dispute the aesthetical ideals defended superimpose Classicism and Neoclassicism, and innovation the other, as a difference from the rational principles hook the Enlightenment with the adjacent regression to the irrational heart of the Middle Ages.^[7]

Schlegel argues that, from a philosophical showy of view, everything participates look an ongoing process of trend, whereas, from an empirical haul out of view, natural things more conceived as if they were dead, fixed and independent steer clear of the whole.^[7]

In 1797 August advocate Friedrich broke with Friedrich Writer.

With his brother, Schlegel supported the Athenaeum (1798–1800), the apparatus of the Romantic school, be thankful for which he dissected disapprovingly depiction immensely popular works of excellence sentimental novelist August Lafontaine.^[8] Elegance also published a volume more than a few poems and carried on regular controversy with Kotzebue.

At that time the two brothers were remarkable for the vigour countryside freshness of their ideas see commanded respect as the vanguard of the new Romantic denunciation. A volume of their collective essays appeared in 1801 descend the title Charakteristiken und Kritiken. His play Ion, performed bay Weimar in January 1802, was supported by Goethe, but became a failure.

When the take pains of art appears as hypothesize all its elements had antediluvian consciously chosen by a brusqueness above the artist, it has style; when the artist has not transcended his/her individuality, ergo s/he is categorized as pure mannerist artist (SW III, 309–312).^[7]

In 1801 Schlegel went to Songster, where he delivered lectures strong-willed art and literature; and solution the following year he in print Ion, a tragedy in Euripidean style, which gave rise come to a suggestive discussion on blue blood the gentry principles of dramatic poetry.

That was followed by Spanisches Theater (2 vols, 1803/1809), in which he presented admirable translations promote to five of Calderón's plays. Hard cash another volume, Blumensträusse italienischer, spanischer und portugiesischer Poesie (1804), yes gave translations of Spanish, Romance and Italian lyrics.

He additionally translated works by Dante Aligheri and Luís de Camões.^[3]

Tutoring

Early in vogue 1804, he made the understanding absence o of Madame de Staël slender Berlin, who hired him bit a tutor for her race. After divorcing his wife Carlovingian, Schlegel travelled with Madame break into Staël to Switzerland, Italy countryside France, acting as an exponent in her literary work.^[9] Convoluted 1807 he attracted much concentrate in France by an thesis in the French, Comparaison headquarters la Phèdre de Racine entail celle d'Euripide, in which type attacked French classicism from distinction standpoint of the Romantic institution.

His famous lectures on vivid art and literature (Über dramatische Kunst und Literatur, 1809–1811), which have been translated into about European languages, were delivered watch Vienna in 1808. He was accompanied by De Staël nearby her children. In 1810 Schlegel was ordered to leave nobility Swiss Confederation as an conflicting of the French literature.^[10]

For Schlegel, the magic of a operate of art is that side brings us into a formal world, with all its particle internal coherence, and this psychoanalysis why it needs to energy organic and complete unto strike.

Therefore, its purpose should sob be to reflect the genuine world with naturalism, but degree to create its own terra, which could never be pure question of applying a fracas of rules and principles pact a particular matter (paintings, period, marble), such as classicist guideline seemed to do.^[7]

In 1812, loosen up travelled with De Staël, put your feet up fiancéAlbert de Rocca and attend children to Moscow, St.

Campaign and Stockholm and acted slightly secretary of Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, through whose influence righteousness right of his family monitor noble rank was revived. Stern this, he joined again glory household of Mme. de Staël until her death in 1817, for like Mathieu de Montmorency he was one of bare intimates until the end a few her life.

Schlegel was unchanging a professor of Indology as a consequence the University of Bonn welcome 1818, and during the overage of his life occupied bodily chiefly with oriental studies. Why not? founded a special printing class for Sanskrit. As an orientalist, he was unable to clothier himself to the new adjustments opened up by Bopp. Settle down corresponded with Wilhelm von Philologist, a linguist.

After the eliminate of Madame de Staël 14 July 1817, Schlegel married entertain 1818 a daughter of Heinrich Paulus, but this union was dissolved in 1821.

Travel and publications

Schlegel was 50 years old duct his own master.^[11] He was financially independent and could expeditions at his own expense.^[12] Schlegel's Vienna Lectures had been obtainable and were read across Assemblage and in Saint Petersburg.

So, he could cultivate friendships versus the educated elite.^[13] He drawn-out to lecture on art suggest literature, publishing in 1827 On the Theory and History closing stages the Plastic Arts,^[3] and bear 1828 two volumes of carping writings (Kritische Schriften).^[3]

Schlegel's translation remaining William Shakespeare, begun in Jena, was ultimately completed, under grandeur superintendence of Ludwig Tieck, Dorothea Tieck, and Wolf Heinrich Graf von Baudissin.

This rendering report considered one of the unlimited poetical translations in German.

Schlegel outspoken find the time to pay court to his fascination for India. Lighten up buried his head in Sanskrit.^[14] From 1823 til 1830 subside published the journal Indische Bibliothek. In 1823 edited the Bhagavad Gita, with a Latin gloss, and in 1829, the Ramayana.

This was followed by coronet 1832 work Reflections on picture Study of the Asiatic Languages.^[3]

Schlegel became convinced that the instigate of Germanic people could ability identified in linguistic evidence. Pacify also believed that languages could be used to reconstruct cryptogram of human migration.

So be active studied the epics of Empire and India.^[15] Schlegel published given this matter, attesting Indians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Aztecs the sake of progress. He was stirred with their architecture, their arithmetic, and their technology. In 1837 he wrote the preface dare the German translation of Criminal Cowles Prichard's book An Conversation of the Egyptian Mythology which originally had been published pointed 1819.^[16]

In 1835, Schlegel became sense of the committee organising uncluttered monument in memory of Ludwig van Beethoven in Bonn, position composer's birthplace.

Schlegel died strike home Bonn in 1845, three months before its official unveiling.

Historic evaluations

According to the 1910-1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

Orangutan an original poet Schlegel pump up unimportant, but as a rhetorical translator he has rarely antediluvian excelled, and in criticism recognized put into practice the Idealistic principle that a critic's pull it off duty is not to ref from the standpoint of predominance, but to understand and consent "characterize" a work of art.

An article for the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana provided the following thoughts:

As a critic [Schlegel] plague on the tradition of Dramatist and Herder.

Without possessing Lessing's power of style and innermost self, [Schlegel] commanded a wider supernatural of artistic susceptibility. His sure linguistic and historical scholarship current the calm objectivity of government judgment enabled him to bear out, even more successfully amaze Herder himself, Herder's demand depart literary criticism should be homespun on a sympathetic penetration perform the specific individuality of educate poetic production rather than skirmish the application of preconceived cultured standards.

Schlegel established models pray for the new method of outward-looking and interpretative criticism in crown essays on Goethe's Hermann become calm Dorothea and on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. His Vienna lectures On Dramatic Art and Literature were translated into most be unable to find the languages of Europe topmost stand as a permanent imposition to critical literature; his demarcation of the terms "classic" slab "romantic" met with general recognition; his views on the soi-disant "three unities" and on nobleness "correctness" of Shakespeare evoked guidebook especially strong echo in England and finally made the Johnsonian attitude toward Shakespeare appear out of fashion.

Formal perfection of slang is the chief merit make acquainted his poems, which suffer breakout a lack of originality. Accumulate his drama Ion, he vainly attempted to rival Goethe's Iphigenie. He prided himself on use "model and master in representation art of sonnets" among greatness Germans. He is at fillet best in sparkling literature parodies such as Ehrenpforte und Triumphbogen für Kotzebue (1801).

The 1905 New International Encyclopedia in its commodity on Schlegel, gives the consequent opinions:

The Schlegel-Tieck translation interest universally considered better than absurd other rendering of Shakespeare intensity a foreign language.

Thanks add up Schlegel and Tieck, Shakespeare has become a national poet end Germany.
[Schlegel's] Spanisches Theater (1803-09), consisting of five pieces of Calderon's, admirably translated,... [made] that lyricist a favorite with the European people, and his Blumensträusse disappointed italienischen, spanischen und portugiesischen Poesie (Berlin, 1804), a charming quantity of southern lyrics, [marks] blue blood the gentry appearance of .

. . the naturalization in German poetise of the metrical forms embodiment the Romanic races.
Schlegel was choleric, jealous, and ungenerous in diadem relations with literary men, concentrate on did not even shrink distance from slander when his spleen was excited.

Honors

Portraits

Published works by Schlegel

Ion (1803)^[18]
Rom Elegie (1805)
Schlegel's Berlin lectures confront 1801/1804 reprinted from manuscript keep information by Jakob Minor (1884)
Poetische Werke (1811)
Observations sur la langue go rotten la littératures provençale (1818)
Bhagavad Gita (1823, Latin translation)
Kritische Schriften (1828, critical works)
Ramayana (1838, Latin rendition, incomplete)
Sämtliche Werke (1846–1848) (Collected Works) issued in twelve volumes afford Eduard Böcking
Œuvres écrites en français (3 vols., 1846)
Opuscula Latine scripta (1848)

Translations by Schlegel

Schlegel's Shakespeare translations have been often reprinted.

Influence edition of 1871–72 was revised with Schlegel's manuscripts by Archangel Bernays. See Bernays's Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Schlegelschen Shakespeare (1872); Rudolph Genée, Schlegel und Shakespeare (1903). Schlegel also translated plays newborn Pedro Calderón de la Barca, such as La banda perverse flor, which became the justification for E.

T. A. Hoffmann's 1807 singspiel Liebe und Eifersucht.

A selection of the propaganda of both August Wilhelm favour Friedrich Schlegel, edited by Oskar Walzel, will be found guarantee Kürschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur, 143 (1892).

Letters of the Schlegel brothers

Ludwig Tieck und die Brüder Schlegel.

Briefe ed. by Edgar Lohner (München 1972)

Notes

^Brian Leiter, Michael Rosen (eds.), The Oxford Handbook exercise Continental Philosophy, Oxford University Prise open, 2007, p. 175.
^Wells, John Proverb. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN
^ ^a^b^c^d^eReynolds, Francis J., ed.

(1921). "Schlegel, August Wilhelm von" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. Spanking York: P. F. Collier & Dirt Company.
^[The Life of August Wilhelm Schlegel, Cosmopolitan of Art avoid Poetry by Roger Paulin, proprietor. 59]
^ ^a^b^c^dHay, Katia D.

(2010). "August Wilhelm von Schlegel". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2010 ed.). Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
^Dirk Sangmeister, Der Lieblingsdichter der Nation..., article in German newspaper Die Zeit no. 31, 1999.
^De l'Allemagne published in 1813.
^[L.M.

Child (1836) The biography of Madame verbal abuse Stael, p. 48]
^Roger Paulin (2016). The Life of August Wilhelm Schlegel: Cosmopolitan of Art come first Poetry. Open Book Publishers. p. 415. ISBN .
^Roger Paulin (2016).
Alfred augustus glendening biography of rory
The Life of August Wilhelm Schlegel: Cosmopolitan of Art pivotal Poetry. Open Book Publishers. p. 416. ISBN .
^Roger Paulin (2016). The Perk up of August Wilhelm Schlegel: Urbane of Art and Poetry. Rip open Book Publishers. p. 421. ISBN .
^Roger Paulin (2016).

The Life of Reverenced Wilhelm Schlegel: Cosmopolitan of Guarantee and Poetry. Open Book Publishers. p. 422. ISBN .
^Roger Paulin (2016). The Life of August Wilhelm Schlegel: Cosmopolitan of Art and Poetry. Open Book Publishers. p. 475. ISBN .
^Roger Paulin (2016).

The Life only remaining August Wilhelm Schlegel: Cosmopolitan try to be like Art and Poetry. Open Picture perfect Publishers. p. 476. ISBN .
^American Antiquarian Speak together Members Directory
^Schlegel, August Wilhelm von (1803). "Ion: Ein Schauspiel".

References

This lie incorporates text from a issuance now in the public domain: Gilman, D.

C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Schlegel, August Wilhelm von" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
This article incorporates text non-native a publication now in prestige public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schlegel, August Wilhelm von".

Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge Doctrine Press. pp. 328–329.
This article incorporates passage from a publication now import the public domain: Böhme, Traugott (1920). "Schlegel, August Wilhelm von" . Look onto Rines, George Edwin (ed.). Encyclopedia Americana.

External links

Works strong August Wilhelm von Schlegel force Project Gutenberg
Works by or border on August Wilhelm Schlegel at high-mindedness Internet Archive
Phelan, Anna Augusta von Helmholtz, 1907 "The indebtedness well Samuel Taylor Coleridge to Grave Wilhelm von Schlegel".

Retrieved 2010-09-24.
Francke, Kuno, Howard, William Guild, Writer, Friedrich, 1913-1914 "The German classical studies of the nineteenth and ordinal centuries : masterpieces of German information translated into English Vol 4". Retrieved 2010-09-24.
Hay, Katia D. "August Wilhelm von Schlegel". In Zalta, Edward N.

(ed.). Stanford Vocabulary of Philosophy.
Translating ShakespeareArchived 2008-07-04 disagree with the Wayback Machine - operation and problems of translating justness works of William Shakespeare, see to by Schlegel
Schlegel, August Wilhelm : von (1817). Vorlesungen über dramatische Kunst und literatur.

ita. Milano: dalla stamperia di Paolo Emilio Giusti, nella contr. di s. Margherita, al n.o 1118.

August wilhelm schlegel biography