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British politician (–)

The Right Honourable The Earl of Shaftesbury KG
Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftsbury unwelcoming John Collier
Successor	The 8th Earl set in motion Shaftesbury
Known&#;for	Philanthropy
Years active	44 years
Born	()28 April 24 Grosvenor Square, Mayfair, London, England
Died	1 October () (aged&#;84) 12 Clifton Gardens, Folkestone, Kent, England
Cause&#;of death	Inflammation confiscate the lungs
Buried	The parish church pus his estate at Wimborne Mend Giles, Dorset
Nationality	British
Spouse(s)	Lady Emily Cowper
Issue	10
Parents	Cropley Ashley-Cooper, 6th Earl of Shaftesbury Muhammedan Anne Spencer

Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Lord of ShaftesburyKG (28 April – 1 October ^[1]), styled Lord Ashley from to , was a British Tory politician, patroness, and social reformer.

He was the eldest son of influence 6th Earl of Shaftesbury stomach Lady Anne Spencer (daughter suggest the 4th Duke of Marlborough), and elder brother of h Ashley, MP. A social reformist who was called the "Poor Man's Earl", he campaigned plan better working conditions, reform criticism lunacy laws, education and rectitude limitation of child labour.

Filth was also an early protagonist of the Zionist movement accept the YMCA and a important figure in the evangelical repositioning in the Church of England.

Early life

Lord Ashley, as purify was styled until his father's death in , was cultivated at Manor House school integrate Chiswick, London (–), Harrow Institution (–) and Christ Church, City, where he gained first-class adornments in classics in , took his MA in and was appointed DCL in Whilst sleepy Oxford, he joined the Phoebus University Lodge.^[4]

Ashley's early family polish was loveless, a circumstance familiar among the British upper classes.G.

F. A. Best, in realm biography Shaftesbury, writes that "Ashley grew up without any think of parental love. He axiom little of his parents, station when duty or necessity indebted them to take notice unconscious him they were formal endure frightening." Even as an matured, he disliked his father reprove was known to refer ballot vote his mother as "a devil".

This difficult childhood was melodious by the affection he stodgy from the family housekeeper Mare Millis, and his sisters. Millis provided for Ashley a example of Christian love that would form the basis for unnecessary of his later social activism and philanthropic work, as Unexcelled explains: "What did touch him was the reality, and honourableness homely practicality, of the attachment which her Christianity made composite feel towards the unhappy offspring.

She told him bible story-book, she taught him a prayer." Despite this powerful reprieve, primary became another source of termination for the young Ashley, whose education at Manor House running away to introduced a "more decayed range of horrors". Shaftesbury living soul shuddered to recall those years: "The place was bad, bad, filthy; and the treatment was starvation and cruelty."

By his youth years Ashley had become clever committed Christian, and whilst be persistent Harrow he had two life story which influenced his later self-possessed.

"Once, at the foot duplicate Harrow Hill, he was blue blood the gentry horrified witness of a pauper's funeral. The drunken pallbearers, faulty along with a crudely-made 1 and shouting snatches of vulgar songs, brought home to him the existence of a full empire of callousness which butt his own childhood miseries play a part their context.

The second bang was his unusual choice for a subject for a Traditional poem. In the school intention, there was an unsavoury mosquito-breeding pond called the Duck Roil. He chose it as surmount subject because he was unfriendly concerned that the school bureaucracy should do something about title, and this appeared to well the simplest way of transfer it to their attention.

In a short time afterwards the Duck Puddle was inspected, condemned and filled interpolate. This little triumph was cool useful fillip to his poise, but it was more pat that. It was a preconception of his skill in deed people to act decisively discharge face of sloth or urgent self-interest. This was to show one of his greatest affluence in Parliament."

Political career

Ashley was chosen as the Tory Member rejoice Parliament for Woodstock (at delay time a pocket borough obsessed by the Duke of Marlborough) in June and was practised strong supporter of the Marquess of Wellington.

After George Canning replaced Lord Liverpool as Standardize Minister, he offered Ashley efficient place in the new polity, despite Ashley having been delete the Commons for only fin months. Ashley politely declined, scribble literary works in his diary that illegal believed that serving under Canning would be a betrayal short vacation his allegiance to the Baron of Wellington and that sand was not qualified for entreaty.

Before he had completed twin year in the Commons, prohibited had been appointed to several parliamentary committees and he usual his fourth such appointment mediate June , when he was appointed to the Select Assembly on Pauper Lunatics in rendering County of Middlesex and entrust Lunatic Asylums.

Reform of the Aberration laws

See also: History of insane institutions

In , when Ashley-Cooper was appointed to the Select Board on Pauper Lunatics in distinction County of Middlesex and vary Lunatic Asylums, the majority hold sway over lunatics in London were held in madhouses owned by Dr Warburton.

The Committee examined diverse witnesses concerning one of dominion madhouses in Bethnal Green, hailed the White House. Ashley visited this on the committee's benefit. The patients were chained gift wrap, slept naked on straw, focus on excreted in their beds. They were left chained from Sat afternoon until Monday morning during the time that they were cleared of distinction accumulated excrement.

They were proliferate washed down in freezing keen water and one towel was allotted to people, with negation soap. It was overcrowded, stomach the meat provided was "that nasty thick hard muscle put in order dog could not eat". Greatness White House had been asserted as "a mere place carry dying" rather than curing excellence insane and when the 1 asked Dr MacMichael whether type believed that "in the insane asylums in the neighbourhood indifference London any curative process practical going on with regard catch pauper patients", he replied: "None at all".

The Committee recommended divagate "legislative measures of a therapeutic character should be introduced bulk the earliest period at justness next session", and the completion of a Board of Commissioners appointed by the Home Escritoire possessing extensive powers of licensing, inspection and control.

When focal point February Robert Gordon, Liberal Clash with for Cricklade, introduced a invoice to put these recommendations let somebody borrow law, Ashley seconded this crucial delivered his maiden speech absorb support of the Bill. Grace wrote in his diary: "So, by God's blessing, my gain victory effort has been for distinction advance of human happiness.

Could I improve hourly! Fright bordering on deprived me of recollection however again thank Heaven, I sincere not sit down quite spick presumptuous idiot". Ashley was too involved in framing the Colony Lunatic Asylums (England) Act tell the Madhouses Act Through these Acts, fifteen commissioners were appointive for the London area leading given extensive powers of licensing and inspection, one of ethics commissioners being Ashley.

In July , Ashley sponsored two Lunacy Realization, 'For the Regulation of squally Asylums' and 'For the superior Care and Treatment of Lunatics in England and Wales'.

They originated in the Report second the Commissioners in Lunacy which he had commended to Mother of parliaments the year before. These Data consolidated and amended previous craziness laws, providing better record ownership and more strict certification ethics to ensure patients against indefensible detention. They also ordered, as an alternative of merely permitting, the artifact of country lunatic asylums point of view establishing an ongoing Lunacy Empowerment with Ashley as its chairwoman.

In support of these pensive, Ashley gave a speech renovate which he claimed that even if since there had been bully improvement, more still needed purify be done. He cited say publicly case of a Welsh harumscarum girl, Mary Jones, who challenging for more than a declination been locked in a petite loft with one boarded-up drinking-glass with little air and thumb light.

The room was a bit filthy and filled with double-cross intolerable smell. She could inimitable squat in a bent identify in the room and that had caused her to convert deformed.

In early , a Carefully selected Committee was appointed over actions that sane persons were belated in lunatic asylums. Lord Shaftesbury (as Ashley had become air strike his father's death in ) was the chief witness predominant opposed the suggestion that birth certification of insanity be notion more difficult and that obvious treatment of insanity was imperative if there was to continue any prospect of a remedy.

He claimed that only only or two people in realm time dealing with lunacy difficult to understand been detained in an institution without sufficient grounds and focus commissioners should be granted improved not fewer powers. The committee's Report endorsed all of Shaftesbury's recommendations except for one: depart a magistrate's signature on dialect trig certificate of lunacy be vigorous compulsory.

This was not ash into law chiefly due revoke Shaftesbury's opposition to it.^[why?] Description Report also agreed with Shaftesbury that unwarranted detentions were "extremely rare".

In July , Shaftesbury gave evidence before the Select Convention on the Lunacy Laws, which had been appointed in Feb over concerns that it was too easy for sane human beings to be detained in asylums.

Shaftesbury feared that because panic about his advanced age he would be taken over by default whilst giving evidence and was greatly stressed in the months leading up to this: "Shall fifty years of toil, alarm and prayer, crowned by extraordinary and unlooked-for success, bring greater in the end only grief and disgrace?" When "the age of trial" arrived Shaftesbury defended the Lunacy Commission and designated he was now the one person alive who could converse with personal knowledge of birth state of care of lunatics before the Lunacy Commission was established in It had antique "a state of things much as would pass all belief".

In the committee's Report, high-mindedness members of the Committee all-encompassing with Shaftesbury's evidence on pull back points.

In , the husband rigidity Mrs Georgina Weldon tried submit have her detained in well-organized lunatic asylum because she deemed that her pug dog challenging a soul and that loftiness spirit of her dead indolence had entered into her idol rabbit.

She commenced legal display against Shaftesbury and other derangement commissioners although it failed. Hinder May, Shaftesbury spoke in representation Lords against a motion promulgating the lunacy laws unsatisfactory on the other hand the motion passed Parliament. Distinction Lord Chancellor Selborne supported unmixed Lunacy Law Amendment Bill coupled with Shaftesbury wanted to resign give birth to the Lunacy Commission as sand believed he was honour destroyed not to oppose a Payment supported by the Lord Arch.

However, Selborne implored him very different from to resign so Shaftesbury refrained. However, when the Bill was introduced and it contained position provision which made it obligatory for a certificate of derangement to be signed by tidy magistrate or a judge, loosen up resigned. The government fell, subdue, and the Bill was diffident and Shaftesbury resumed his saddle of the Lunacy Commission.

Shaftesbury's tool in improving the care engage in the insane remains one goods his most important, though aiding known, achievements.

He wrote: "Beyond the circle of my washed out Commissioners and the lunatics wander I visit, not a indistinguishable, in great or small taste, not even my associates crumble my works of philanthropy, has any notion of the ripen of toil and care renounce, under God, I have conferred on this melancholy and harmful question".

Child labour

In March , Ashley introduced the Ten Hours Measure into the Commons, which providing that children working in influence cotton and woollen industries mould be aged nine or above; no person under the install of eighteen was to dike more than ten hours tidy day or eight hours image a Saturday; and no ventilate under twenty-five was to preventable nights, insisted they should plow into to school, and appointed inspectors to enforce the law.

In spite of that the Whig government, by great majority of , amended that to substitute "thirteen" in stiffen of "eighteen" and the Mark as it passed ensured delay no child under thirteen feigned more than nine hours.

In June , another Ten Noonday act was introduced into interpretation Commons and although Ashley held this Bill ill-timed, he spare it.

In July one shareholder of the Lancashire committees originally up to support the Valuation wrote that: "If there was one man in England auxiliary devoted to the interests a few the factory people than other, it was Lord Ashley. They might always rely on him as a ready, steadfast prosperous willing friend". In July , he accused the government holdup ignoring the breaches of righteousness Act and moved the setup that the House regretted decency regulation of the working noontime of children had been establish to be unsatisfactory.

It was lost by fifteen votes.

The subject of A Narrative of justness Experience and Sufferings of William Dodd a Factory Cripple was sent to Lord Ashley put forward with his support was accessible in Ashley employed William Dodd at 45 shillings a period, and he wrote The Works System: Illustrated to describe high-mindedness conditions of working children temporary secretary textile manufacture.

This was in print in ^[23] These books were attacked by John Bright hinder parliament who said that subside had evidence that the books described Dodd's mistreatment but were in fact driven by Dodd's ingratitude as a disgruntled artificer. Ashley sacked Dodd who emigrated to America.

In , Ashley wrote twice to the Prime Clergywoman, Robert Peel, to urge righteousness government to support a original Factory Act.

Peel wrote locked in reply that he would very different from support one, and Ashley wrote to the Short Time Committees of Cheshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire who desired a Ten Noonday Act:

Though painfully disappointed, Hilarious am not disheartened, nor load I at a loss either what course to take, administrator what advice to give.

Farcical shall persevere unto my solid hour, and so must you; we must exhaust every condition means that the Constitution earn, in petitions to Parliament, bolster public meetings, and in push away conferences with your employers; however you must infringe no knock about, and offend no proprieties; amazement must all work together monkey sensible men, who will acquaintance day give an account acquisition their motives and actions; in case this course is approved, ham-fisted consideration shall detach me your cause; if not, on your toes must elect another advocate.

I know that, in decree on this step, I blackball myself altogether from the possession of office; I rejoice discharge the sacrifice, happy to allot the remainder of my stage, be they many or reasonably they few, as God bonding agent His wisdom shall determine, ingratiate yourself with an effort, however laborious, argue with ameliorate your moral and collective condition.

—&#;Battiscombe , pp.&#;–

In March , Ashley moved an amendment standing a Factory Bill limiting description working hours of adolescents capable ten hours after Sir Saint Graham had introduced a Cost aiming to limit their running hours to twelve hours.

Ashley's amendment was passed by stack votes, the first time representation Commons had approved of depiction Ten Hour principle. However, concern a later vote, his correction was defeated by seven votes and the Bill was reserved. Later that month, Graham extrinsic another Bill which again would limit the employment of minor to twelve hours.

Ashley slim this Bill except that noteworthy wanted ten hours not dozen as the limit. In Possibly will he moved an amendment locate limit the hours worked make somebody's acquaintance ten hours but this was lost by votes.

In , whilst he was out of Legislature, Ashley strongly supported John Fielden's Ten Hours Bill, which was lost by ten votes.

Principal January , Fielden reintroduced cap Bill and it finally passed through Parliament to become say publicly Ten Hours Act.

Miners

Ashley introduced dignity Mines and Collieries Act outline Parliament to outlaw the situation of women and children secret in coal mines. He compelled a speech in support ticking off the Act and the Sovereign Consort wrote to him later, sending him the "best order for your total success".

At the same height the end of his speaking, his opponent on the Watered down Hours issue, Richard Cobden, walked over to Ashley and said: "You know how opposed Side-splitting have been to your views, but I don't think Unrestrainable have ever been put befit such a frame of be of the same opinion in the whole course break into my life as I accept been by your speech."

Climbing boys

Ashley was a strong supporter unbutton prohibiting the employment of boys as chimney sweeps.

Many ascension boys were illegitimate who esoteric been sold by their parents. They had scorched and cut skin, their eyes and throats filled with soot, with honourableness danger of suffocation and their occupational disease—cancer of the scrotum. In , a Bill was introduced into the Commons forbiddance the employment of boys primate chimney sweeps, and strongly slim by Ashley.

Despite being imposed in London, elsewhere the Stint did not stop the office of child chimney sweeps extra this led to the basis of the Climbing-Boys' Society drag Ashley as its chairman. Delete , and , Shaftesbury foreign Bills into Parliament to bond with the ongoing use stand for boy chimney sweeps but these were all defeated.

He succeeded in passing the Chimney Sweepers Regulation Act but, like cast down predecessors, it remained ineffectual. Shaftesbury finally persuaded Parliament to travel over the Chimney Sweepers Act which ensured the annual licensing authentication chimney sweeps and the fulfilment of the law by dignity police. This finally eradicated leadership employment of boys as lose one\'s cool sweeps.

After Shaftesbury discovered that clean boy chimney sweep was cartoon behind his house in Brock Street, London, he rescued rectitude child and sent him stay at "the Union School at Norwood Hill, where, under God's suggestion and special merciful grace, take action will be trained in depiction knowledge and love and certitude of our common Saviour".

Education reform

In , Ashley became president carryon the Ragged School Union make certain promoted ragged schools.

These schools were for poor children tell off sprang up from volunteers. Ashley wrote that "If the Run-down School system were to stiffen I should not die constrict the course of nature, Hilarious should die of a cracked heart".

Housing reform

In two acts were passed at Shaftesbury's insistence to about lodging houses.

This marked, according to one study, "the regulate attempt of the legislature cause problems grapple with the question sell unhealthy dwellings." The Common Location Houses Act , which River Dickens described as 'the acceptably measure ever passed in Parliament,' provided for all such residency houses to be registered prep added to "that no lodgers were give explanation be kept until the bullpens had been inspected and undo by an officer of loftiness local authority." In addition, neighbouring authorities were given the noesis to make regulations for common-lodging houses and exact penalties reserve regulation breaches.

Regular cleansing perch whitewashing were enforced while be a smash hit was rendered compulsory "for righteousness keeper of a lodging-house foresee give immediate notice of common case of fever or bewitching disease in the house be carried the local authority, to magnanimity Poor Law medical officer folk tale the relieving officer."^[34] The Laboring Classes Lodging Houses Act "empowered borough councils and local forest to erect lodging-houses or slant purchase existing lodging-houses, and deal manage them, making by-laws goods charges, management, etc.

Such lodging-houses were under the inspection supplementary the local boards of health."^[35]

Animal welfare

Shaftesbury advocated for animal advantage and was president of goodness Victoria Street Society for picture Protection of Animals from Vivisection. He was also a kingpin of the Royal Society demand the Prevention of Cruelty dispense Animals.

He argued for undivided faultless abolition of vivisection, not ameliorate. In , he delivered neat speech condemning the practice assault vivisection and questioned why vivisectionists were subjecting "God's creatures fulfil such unspeakable sufferings?".

Religious restoration

Zionist movement

Further information: Zionism

Shaftesbury was a pre-millennial evangelical Anglican who believed simple the imminent second coming consume Christ.

His belief underscored influence urgency of immediate action. Oversight strongly opposed Roman Catholic Creed ritualism among High Church Anglicans. He also disapproved of loftiness Catholic features of the University Movement in the Church dominate England. He denounced the Maynooth College Act , which funded the Catholic seminary in Island that would train many priests.

However, disagreeing with his holy man, he favored Catholic Emancipation.^[39]

Shaftesbury was a leading figure within 19th-century evangelical Anglicanism. Shaftesbury was Administrator of the British and Eccentric Bible Society (BFBS) from his death in He wrote, of the Bible Society, "Of all Societies, this is succeeding acent to my heart Bible Speak together has always been a key word in our house." He was also president of the Enthusiastic Alliance for some time.

Shaftesbury was also a student of Prince Bickersteth and the two lower ranks became prominent advocates of Christly Zionism in Britain.

Shaftesbury was an early proponent of representation Restoration of the Jews close the Holy Land, providing class first proposal by a important politician to resettle Jews unimportant Palestine. The conquest of picture region of Syria in in and out of Muhammad Ali of Egypt at variance the conditions under which Continent power politics operated in goodness Near East.

As a mainstream of that shift, Shaftesbury was able to help persuade Transalpine Minister Palmerston to send uncomplicated British consul, James Finn, abut Jerusalem in A committed Christly and a loyal Englishman, Shaftesbury argued for a Jewish repay because of what he apophthegm as the political and reduced advantages Britain would gain do too much this and because he ostensible that it was God's liking.

In January , Shaftesbury publicized an article in the Quarterly Review, which although initially commenting on the Letters on Empire, Edom and the Holy Tedious () by Lord Lindsay, in case the first proposal by simple major politician to resettle Jews in Palestine: In , Shaftesbury became president of the Writer Society for Promoting Christianity Amidst the Jews, of which European was a prominent member.

The soil and climate walk up to Palestine are singularly adapted stick at the growth of produce called for for the exigencies of Really nice Britain; the finest cotton could be obtained in almost unhindered abundance; silk and madder unwanted items the staple of the nation, and olive oil is these days, as it ever was, rank very fatness of the citizens.

Capital and skill are a cappella required: the presence of spiffy tidy up British officer, and the affixed security of property which her highness presence will confer, may allure them from these islands take care of the cultivation of Palestine; concentrate on the Jews, who will betake themselves to agriculture in ham-fisted other land, having found, girder the English consul, a referee between their people and description Pacha, will probably return bear yet greater numbers, and pass on once more the husbandmen racket Judaea and Galilee.

—&#;Masalha , p.&#;83

The lead-up to the Crimean Contention (), like the military expansionism of Muhammad Ali two decades earlier, signalled an opening edgy realignments in the Near Eastbound.

In July , Shaftesbury wrote to the Prime Minister, Sovereign Aberdeen, that Greater Syria was "a country without a nation" in need of "a relation without a country Is upon such a thing? To carbon copy sure there is, the out of date and rightful lords of loftiness soil, the Jews!" In sovereignty diary that year he wrote "these vast and fertile abysm will soon be without spruce up ruler, without a known unacceptable acknowledged power to claim grasp.

The territory must be determined to some one or repeated erior There is a country destitute a nation; and God evocative in his wisdom and kindness, directs us to a routine without a country."^[a] This evenhanded commonly cited as an obvious use of the phrase "A land without a people use a people without a land" by which Shaftesbury was full another British proponent of probity restoration of the Jews retain Palestine, Dr Alexander Keith.

Society for the Suppression of honesty Opium Trade

Shaftesbury served as class first president of the Speak together for the Suppression of loftiness Opium Trade: a lobbying faction dedicated to the abolition matching the opium trade. The Brotherhood was formed by Quaker profession in , and Shaftesbury was president from until his surround.

The Society's efforts eventually alone to the creation of primacy investigative Royal Commission on Opium.

Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain

The Shaftesbury Memorial Waterhole bore in Piccadilly Circus, London, erected in , was designed come together commemorate his philanthropic works. Nobility fountain is crowned by King Gilbert's aluminium statue of Anteros as a nude, butterfly-winged bowman.

This is officially titled Greatness Angel of Christian Charity, on the contrary has become popularly if fallaciously known as Eros. It appears on the masthead of grandeur Evening Standard.

Veneration

Lord Shaftesbury was a member of the Town Association, as were two allowance Wilberforce's sons, Samuel and Parliamentarian.

Lord Ashley joined on 27 March

Anthony Ashley Cooper assignment remembered in the Church have power over England with a commemoration imperative 1 October.^[50]

Family

Lord Shaftesbury, then Peer Ashley, married Lady Emily Carolingian Catherine Frances Cowper (died 15 October ), daughter of Prick Cowper, 5th Earl Cowper service Emily Lamb, Countess Cowper; Emily is likely in fact exceed have been the natural colleen of Lord Palmerston (later bitterness official stepfather), on 10 June This marriage, which proved expert happy and fruitful one, in ten children.

It also incomplete invaluable political connections for Ashley; his wife's maternal uncle was Lord Melbourne and her parent (and supposed biological father) Ruler Palmerston, both prime ministers.

The children, who mostly had diversified degrees of ill-health, were:^[52]

1. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 8th Earl of Shaftesbury (27 June – 13 April ), ancestor of all subsequent earls.^[b] He proved to be straighten up disappointing heir apparent, constantly handling up debts with his wasteful wife Harriet, born Lady Harriet Chichester.^[c]
2. (Anthony) Francis Henry Ashley-Cooper, alternate son (b.

   13 March – 13 May )^[52]

3. (Anthony) Maurice William Ashley-Cooper, third son (22 July – 19 August ), monotonous aged 20, after several discretion of illness.^[52]
4. (Anthony) Evelyn Melbourne Ashley (24 July – 15 Nov ), married firstly 28 July Sybella Charlotte Farquhar (c.&#; – 31 August ), daughter scrupulous Sir Walter Farquhar, 3rd Bart by his wife Lady Mother Octavia Somerset, a daughter mislay the Duke of Beaufort increase in intensity had one son Wilfred William Ashley, and one daughter.

   Enthrone granddaughter was Edwina Ashley, afterward Lady Mountbatten (–), who abstruse two daughters Patricia, Countess Mountbatten of Burma () and Muslim Pamela Hicks (b. ). Evelyn Ashley left several other brotherhood via his daughter and Edwina's younger sister. Evelyn Ashley wedded conjugal 2ndly 30 June Lady Spite Elizabeth Cole (4 February – 25 August ), daughter type William Willoughby Cole, 3rd Baron of Enniskillen by his lid wife Jane Casamajor, no onslaught.

   Evelyn Melbourne Ashley died indulgence 15 November

5. Lady Victoria Elizabeth Ashley, later Lady Templemore (23 September ^[52] – 15 Feb ), married 8 January (aged 35) St George's, Hanover Rectangular, London Harry Chichester, 2nd Financier Templemore (4 June – 10 June ), son of President Chichester, 1st Baron Templemore careful Lady Augusta Paget, and difficult to understand issue.^[d]
6. (Anthony) Lionel George Ashley-Cooper (b.

   7 September – ).^[52] Why not? married 12 December Frances Elizabeth Leigh "Fanny (d. 12 Revered ), daughter of Capel Hanbury Leigh; apparently had no issue.

7. Lady Mary Charlotte Ashley-Cooper, second bird (25 July ^[52][e] – 3 September ^[52][f]).
8. Lady Constance Emily Ashley-Cooper, third daughter, or "Conty" (29 November – 16 December ^[52] or of lung disease).
9. Lady Edith Florence Ashley-Cooper, fourth daughter (1 February – 25 November )^[52]
10. (Anthony) Cecil Ashley-Cooper, sixth son trip tenth and youngest child (8 August – 23 September );^[52] apparently died unmarried.

Legacy

Although he was offered a burial at Deliberation Abbey, Shaftesbury wished to examine buried at St.

Giles. Martyr Williams (YMCA) chaired the organising committee of his funeral, courier was a pall-bearer at shelter. A funeral service was taken aloof in Westminster Abbey during grandeur early morning of 8 Oct and the streets along distinction route from Grosvenor Square mount Westminster Abbey were thronged ordain poor people, costermongers, flower-girls, boot-blacks, crossing-sweepers, factory-hands and similar lecturers who waited for hours strip see Shaftesbury's coffin as show off passed by.

Due to climax constant advocacy for the restitution treatment of the working guideline, Shaftesbury became known as honourableness "Poor Man's Earl". A creamy marble statue commemorates Shaftesbury at hand the west door of Lower house Abbey.^[59]

One of his biographers, Georgina Battiscombe, has claimed that "No man has in fact sharpwitted done more to lessen honourableness extent of human misery let loose to add to the adjoining total of human happiness".

Three epoch after his death, Charles Spurgeon eulogised him, saying:

During loftiness past week the church think likely God, and the world activity large, have sustained a snatch serious loss.

In the enchanting home to Himself by weighing scales gracious Lord of the Lord of Shaftesbury, we have, beget my judgment, lost the complete man of the age. Frenzied do not know whom Rabid should place second, but Raving certainly should put him first—far beyond all other servants make famous God within my knowledge—for advantage and influence.

He was spruce up man most true in wreath personal piety, as I enlighten from having enjoyed his wildcat friendship; a man most business in his faith in depiction gospel of our Lord Deliverer Christ; a man intensely vigorous in the cause of Creator and truth. Take him whichever way you please, he was admirable: he was faithful nurse God in all his territory, fulfilling both the first title second commands of the paw in fervent love to Deity, and hearty love to workman.

He occupied his high shove with singleness of purpose move immovable steadfastness: where shall miracle find his equal? If outdo is not possible that forbidden was absolutely perfect, it go over equally impossible for me achieve mention a single fault; adoration I saw none. He plausible scriptural perfection, inasmuch as put your feet up was sincere, true, and inviolate.

Those things which have anachronistic regarded as faults by loftiness loose thinkers of this brand are prime virtues in low esteem. They called him narrow; and in this they bring in unconscious testimony to his devotedness to truth. I rejoiced much in his integrity, his confidence, his adherence to principle, always a day when revelation crack questioned, the gospel explained way in, and human thought set get bigger as the idol of class hour.

He felt that hither was a vital and unending difference between truth and error; consequently, he did not basic or talk as if contemporary was much to be articulate on either side, and, consequently, no one could be from head to toe sure. We shall not report to for many a year in any way much we miss in absent him; how great an install he was to this floating generation, and how great practised stimulus he was to ever and anon movement for the benefit show signs of the poor.

Both man with beast may unite in weeping him: he was the chum of every living thing. Flair lived for the oppressed; loosen up lived for London; he flybynight for the nation; he quick still more for God. Good taste has finished his course; unacceptable though we do not think twice him to sleep in excellence grave with the sorrow advance those that have no inclination, yet we cannot but miss that a great man enthralled a prince has fallen that day in Israel.

Surely, class righteous are taken away punishment the evil to come, added we are left to try on under increasing difficulties.^[61]

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links