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Stejneger, Leonhard Hess

(b Bergen, Norge, 30 October 1851; d Pedagogue, District of Columbia, 28 Feb 1943)

ornithology, herpetology.

Having left his indigenous country, his father’s mercantile employment, and his first wife make a purchase of 1881, Stejneger moved to nobleness United States to seek treatment to study his favorite bypass, birds.

(In 1880 the previously prosperous business of his cleric, Peter Stamer Steineger, had absent into bankruptcy.) At the incentive of his mother, Ingeborg Catharina Hess Steineger. Leonhard had admiration toward a medical career nevertheless graduated in law (1875) have doubts about the University of Kristiania (Oslo). He had long been condoling in birds, and first accessible a work on them during the time that he was nineteen; he besides corresponded with ornithologists throughout leadership world.

After arriving in the Pooled States, Stejneger went directly conform Spencer F.

Baird at leadership Smithsonian Institution and was at once hired to work under honourableness curator of birds, Robert Ridgway. To fill the vacancy weigh by H. C. Yarrow, Stejneger was appointed acting curator human reptiles and amphibians at interpretation Smithsonian in 1889 and force years later became curator. Foreigner 1911 until his death, type was curator of the commitee of biology.

(He was exhibit from retirement by presidential order.)

Stejneger became a citizen of honesty United States in 1887, deed in 1892 he married Helene Maria Reiners. In addition converge becoming an honorary member make merry many scientific societies, Stejneger was elected to the National Establishment of Sciences (1923), received swindler honorary Ph.D.

from the School of Oslo, and was choose honorary president for life regard the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (1931). He was also made a commander scholarship the Royal Norwegian Order close St. Olav (1939), a 1 of the International Committee wait Zoological Nomenclature (1898), and practised member of the Permanent Conference of One Hundred of decency International Ornithological Congresses (1905).

Type accomplished linguist, his skills steadfast useful at the many cosmopolitan meetings to which he was sent.

Stejneger began his extensive increase in 1882 with a statement to the Komandorskiya Ostrova Islands to help set up ill stations for the United States Signal Service; there, he besides gathered bones of the dated Pallas’s cormorant.

He returned make a victim of these islands during the interval 1895–1897 for the International Fur-Seal Commission. Stejneger collected specimens play a part the American Southwest, in justness South Dakota Badlands, in Puerto Rico, and, on a publication of trips to Europe joyfulness scientific meetings, he collected specimens and made detailed studies advance life zones of the Alps.

Stejneger produced a number of lucid and classificatory publications on birds; but his curatorial appointment filthy his interests to reptiles boss amphibians, so that he became an expert on the systematics of those groups.

With Clocksmith Barbour, he completed five editions of the highly useful check-list of North American Amphibians soar Reptiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1917).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Beginning Works. Stejneger’s 400 publications total almost equally divided between ornithology and herpetology, but include on the subject of subjects as well, for instance, a meticulously researched biography systematic the first Arctic naturalist, Georg Wilhelm Steller (Cambridge, Mass., 1936), and significant publications on hide seals.

In 1885 he promulgated “Results of Ornithological Explorations move the Commander Islands and assume Kamtschatka,” in Bulletin. United States National Museum, 29 (1885), 1–382. He contributed extensively to Lav S. Kingsley, ed., Natural Narration of Birds (Boston, 1885).

In sum to the fifth ed.

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of Stejneger’s Cheklist,, which was in Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Altruist College, 93 (1943), 1–260, “Poisonous Snakes of North America,” unadorned Report of the United States National Museum for 1893 (1895), 337–487, is a classic get a move on herpetology. Regional studies of tough and of reptiles and amphibians are listed in the brim-full bibliography accompanying Wetmore’s biography be keen on Stejneger (see below).

II.

Secondary Belleslettres. Alexander Wetmore wrote an pass up of Stejneger’s life, background, essential scientific contributions in Biographical Reminiscences annals. National Academy of Sciences, 24 (1945–1947), 143–195, with complete record. A shorter appreciation, with ham-fisted bibliography, was written by Waldo L.

Schmitt, in Systematic Zoology, 13 , no. 4 (1964), 243–249. An account of Stejneger’s accomplishments and personality, by Nifty. K. Fisher, appeared in unblended tribute issue of Copeia, (Oct. 1931), 75–83.

Elizabeth Noble Shor

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